Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 9 Articles
Due to poor hygiene and malnutrition, childrens in developing countries frequently suffer from various forms of infections which present as fever. Pyrexia can be defined as when an a.m. temperature is >37.2�°C and p.m. temperature is > 37.7�°C. Herbal medicines are often used as remedies in these conditions. Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) can cure Pyrexia as mentioned in the literature survey in traditional Indian system of medicine and is not proved scientifically so the aim of the present study is to determine the effect of Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) on Pyrexia. In the study we use different animal models like TAB-Vaccine induced pyrexia in rabbits and boiled milk induced pyrexia in rabbits. Ethanolic extract of seeds part of plant was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. The Ethanolic extract of seeds part of Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) contains active constituent like Piperine, Piperlonguminine etc. It may be possible that Piperine causes anti-pyretic activity. Piperine inhibits TNF-alpha (an inflammatory mediator). By inhibiting TNF-alpha it reduce total body temperature & this Inhibition is reversible. The Ethanolic extract of Plant showed significant results in all of the anti-pyretic models. A dose of 200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg was used. Values are expressed as mean �± S.E.M. Paracetamol was used as standard drug (150mg/kg). The total time period of the study was 6 hr....
To investigate the Anxiolytic effect of P. pinnata leaf extract in mice. The Anxiolytic effect of P. pinnata extract in mice was studied on acute and chronic treatment. On acute administration, effect of extract was observed 30 minutes after treatment and in chronic treatment the animals were treated with extract and diazepam for 14 days. After the treatment animals were observed for locomotor activity in Actophotometer, behavioral effect was studied in open field test, anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects were studied in elevated plus maize test and compared with control group, also the brain 5-HT concentrations was estimated. On acute administration, the extract showed significant dose dependent decrease in locomotor activity. While on chronic administration, both diazepam (0.5mg/kg) and the extract showed significant increase in the locomotor activity. Diazepam 0.25mg/kg on acute administration showed significant changes in open field test. Also significant changes in parameters of elevated plus maze test were observed. While diazepam 0.5mg/kg and the extract showed significant changes but the mice were more depressed. After chronic administration of diazepam 0.5mg/kg and P. pinnata extract, both showed significant changes in open field test and elevated plus maze when compared with control group. On acute administration 5-HT level got decreased significantly by the extract as well as diazepam. The ethanolic extract of P. pinnata showed significant anxiolytic activity comparable with diazepam....
Pongamiapinnata Linn belonging to family, Leguminosae is a medium sized glabrous tree popularly known as Karanja in Hindi. The traditional uses of Pongamiapinnata leaves are digestive, antidiarhoeal, anthelmintic and in the treatment of chronic fever, bronchitis, rheumatic joints and for cleaning ulcers and wounds. The present study was carried out for in vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract (EEPP) and Water saturated with ether extract of Pongamiapinnata (WSEPP) leaves using adult Indian earthworms, Pheretimaposthumaas a test worm. Three concentrations (150, 250 and 500 mg/ml) were studied which determined time of paralysis and time for death of worms. Albendazole in same concentration as that of extract was included as standard and normal saline as control. This experiment involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. The EEPP and WSEPP of the leaves shows dose dependent paralysis ranging from loss of motility to loss of response to external stimuli, which eventually progressed to death. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of EEPP and WSEPP shows presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, proteins and carbohydrates.Tannins are known to have anthelmintic activity. Thereby it can be concluded that EEPP and WSEPP of Pongamiapinnata shows anthelmintic activity, which may be due to presence of tannins binding to free proteins in the gastrointestinal tract of host animal or glycoprotein on the cuticle of the parasite causing death of worm....
Diarrhoea is a major health problem especially for children under the age of 5 and up to 17% of children admitted in the paediatric ward die of diarrhea. A range of medicinal plants with anti-diarrhoeal properties is widely used by traditional healers. The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Allium Sativum Linn., leaves were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhea in wister albino rats. Loperamide (3 mg/kg, p.o.) was taken as standard, aqueous bulb extract of Allium sativam 150 & 300 mg/kg was used as a test doses. The water extract of Allium Sativum treated mice showed significant reduction in the faecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract tested at 150 and 300 mg/kg shown similar effect as that of standard drug (loperamide) by significantly inhibiting the frequency of defecation droppings compared to untreated control rats. Results obtained in this study substantiate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves and its use by traditional practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea....
Increased oxidative stress has been suggested in the pathogenesis and progression of hyperlipidemia and its associated complications such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and poor wound healing. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to the prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia is the primary cause of death & characterized by elevated total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and decreased high density lipoprotein levels. The main aim of the study was to reduce the risk of developing ischemic heart disease or the occurance of further cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease. Currently available synthetic hypolipidemic drugs have been associated with number of side effects such as hyperuricemic, diarrhoea, nausea, myositis, gastric irritation, flushing, dry skin and abnormal liver function. Herbal medicines are often used as remedies to treat hyperlipidemia. Gymnema Sylvestre can cure hyperlipidemia as mentioned in the literature survey in traditional Indian system of medicine and is not proved scientifically so the aim of the present study is to determine the effect of Ethanolic aerial part extract of Gymnema Sylvestre on hyperlipidemia. In the study we induce hyperlipidemia by Triton X-100 in rats. Ethanolic extract of plant was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Ethanolic extract at a dose of 200mg/kg causes reduction in total body weight, total serum cholesterol & triglycerides when compared to untreated groups. Values are expressed as mean �± S.E.M. Fenofibrate (65mg/kg) was used as standard drug....
A variety of in vitro models such as beta-carotene-linoleic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hamster low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were used to measure the antioxidant activity of 11 citrus bioactive compounds [1]. The compounds tested included two limonoids, limonin (Lim) and limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside (LG); eight flavonoids, apigenin (Api), scutellarein (Scu), kaempferol (Kae), rutintrihydrate (Rut), neohesperidin (Neh), neoeriocitrin (Nee), naringenin (Ngn), and naringin(Ng); and a coumarin (bergapten). The above compounds were tested at concentration of 10 microM in all four methods. For in vitro models were used to measure the antioxidant activity of citrus phytochemicals. The citrus limonoids and bergapten showed very weak antioxidant activity. The flavonoids demonstrated mild, to moderate, to strong antioxidant activity. In addition to some other commonly accepted structural features our data indicated that the hydroxyl group in position 6 of ring A could also increase the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Compared with the active flavonoids, limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenoids, with fewer hydroxyl groups to stabilize unpaired electrons (or scavenge free radicals).\r\n Four in vitro models were used to measure the antioxidant activity of 11 citrus phytochemicals. The citrus limonoids and bergapten showed very weak antioxidant activity. The flavonoids demonstrated mild, to moderate, to strong antioxidant activity....
Diabetes mellitus is a common worldwide metabolic disorder due to decreased physical activity, increased stress,\r\nobesity and change in food consumption pattern. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia\r\nand weakness due to disturbance in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and also associated with absolute or relative\r\ndeficiency in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. In 2004, according to the world health organization reports, more than 150\r\nmillion people throughout the world suffered from diabetes. Piper attenuatum (B. Ham.) can cure diabetes as mentioned in the\r\nliterature survey of traditional Indian system of medicine but not proved scientifically so the aim of the present study is to\r\ndetermine the effect of Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) on diabetes. In our study we induce diabetes in 2 days old rats by using\r\nstreptozotocin. Ethanolic seed extract of plant was obtained by soxhlet extraction. The ethanolic extract contains active\r\nconstituent like piperine, piperlonguminine etc. It may be possible that piperine and piperlonguminine causes anti-diabetic\r\nactivity. Plant extract causes decrease in total serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides level, food and water intake and increase\r\nin body weight in different rat groups when compared to diabetic untreated groups. Histopathology is also carried out for\r\npancreas. The ethanolic extract of Plant showed significant results in anti-diabetic model. A dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg\r\nwas used. Values are expressed as mean�±S.E.M. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. The total time period of\r\nthe study was 3 week...
The problem of uncontrolled pain led early humans to seek remedies from any materials that they could lay their hands on. In recent times, focus on plant research has increased and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs constitute one of the most widely used classes of drugs. Fever is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation of temperature above the normal range of 36.5-37.5�°C (98-100�°F). Herbal medicines are often used as remedies in these conditions. Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) can cure Pyrexia as mentioned in the literature survey in traditional Indian system of medicine and is not proved scientifically so the aim of the present study is to determine the effect of Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) on Pyrexia. In the study we induce pyrexia by using Brewer yeast in rats. Ethanolic extract of seeds part of plant was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. The Ethanolic extract of seeds part of Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) contains active constituent like Piperine, Piperlonguminine etc. It may be possible that Piperine causes anti-pyretic activity. The Ethanolic extract of Plant showed significant results in the anti-pyretic model. A dose of 200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg was used. Values are expressed as mean �± S.E.M. Paracetamol was used as standard drug (150mg/kg). The total time period of the study was 6 hr....
The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-stress potential of Tinospora Cordifolia (common name: Guduchi/Amruta) on solar radiation induced heat stress in sheep maintained under different managemental systems. The experiment was conducted in twelve Nellore Zodipi sheep with average body weight of 29�±0.56 Kg. Plant powder (@500 mg/Kg body weight) was orally administered daily for 30 days. The anti -stress activity of T.cordifolia was investigated by measuring changes in lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes of sheep. In untreated sheep, there was a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation level and a significant reduction in the reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. In T. cordifolia supplemented animals (T2 and T3) the heat stress was significantly (P<0.05) reduced, which was indicated by change in the anti-oxidant profile. Oral administration of T.cordifolia plant powder modulated the lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase level of near normal in heat stressed sheep could be the most practical way to combat heat stress in animal by improving the anti oxidant status....
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